jav 巨乳 Weekly Briefings for China CDC Weekly, Vol 6, No. 36, 2024
发布日期：2024-11-12 00:56 点击次数：199
Two Peaks of Seasonal Influenza Epidemics — Chinajav 巨乳， 2023
Yiran Xie1; Shuxia Lin1; Xiaoxu Zeng1; Jing Tang1; Yanhui Cheng1; Weijuan Huang1; Jiandong Li1; Dayan Wang1#
1.National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease， National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention， Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention， Beijing， China.
#Correspondence author: Dayan Wang， wangdayan@ivdc.chinacdc.cn.
国产自拍jav 巨乳jav 巨乳
This research reveals significant differences from historical patterns due to the impacts of COVID-19. According to the Chinese National Influenza Surveillance Network， influenza activity exhibited two distinct epidemic waves: an initial peak dominated by the A(H1N1)pdm09 subtype between February and April， the second peak driven by A(H3N2) and B/Victoria viruses from October to December. The first wave began two months later than usual， resulting from reduced population immunity and increased mobility post-COVID-19 restrictions. The second wave， starting earlier than typical winter peaks， was influenced by school re-openings and cooler weather. A summer epidemic， typically seen in the southern regions， was absent this year. These findings suggest a shift in influenza seasonality patterns due to COVID-19 outbreak is gradually returning to its usual seasonal and intensity patterns， necessitating continuous enhancement of influenza surveillance and the influenza surveillance network， to adapt to evolving epidemiological landscapes.
季节性流感呈现两个流行岑岭 — 中国，2023年
谢陶然1；林淑霞1；曾晓旭1；唐静1; 成艳辉1; 黄维娟1; 李建东1; 王大燕1#
1传染病溯源预警与智能决议宇宙要点实验室，病毒病拒接适度所，中国疾病拒接适度中心，北京，中国。
#通信作家：王大燕，wangdayan@ivdc.chinacdc.cn。
参谋夸耀，受COVID-19 的影响，2023年我国流感当作呈现与既往显耀不同的流行特征。凭证宇宙流感监测会聚的数据，流感当作呈现出两个赫然的流行岑岭：2 月至 4 月本领以A(H1N1)pdm09亚型为主的首个岑岭，随后在10月至12月本领由A(H3N2) 和B/Victoria系病毒导致的第二个岑岭。第一波疫情比既往晚了两个月启动，与 COVID-19 后东谈主群流动性增多以及东谈主群对A(H1N1)pdm09）流感病毒的免疫力下跌考虑（作家注：新冠大流行本领我国A(H1N1)pdm09）流感病毒未流行）。第二波疫情比既往典型的冬季岑岭期更早启动。值得沉着的是，2023年莫得出现南边省份典型的夏令流感流行。本参谋标明流感的季节性花样曾受COVID-19疫情影响发生了变化，但已收复到相同的季节性特征和强度花样，需要握续加强流感监测，强化流感监测会聚诞生，以允洽握住变化的流行病学地点。
For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2024.069
Rodent Ecology and Etiological Investigation in China: Results from Vector Biology Surveillance — Shandong Province， China， 2012–2022
Qintong Sun1; Yan Liu1; Yingnan Han1; Wenjie Liu1; Xinyue Cao1; Binghui Li2; Xuejun Wang1#
1. Institute of Disinfection & Vector Borne Disease Control， Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention/ Shandong Academy of Preventive Medicine， Jinan City， Shandong Province， China;
2. Institute of Disinfection and Vector Control， Qingdao Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Qingdao Institute of Preventive Medicine， Qingdao City， Shandong Province， China.
# Corresponding author: Xuejun Wang， bmfzs@126.com.
Rodents are the hosts of a wide range of zoonotic disease pathogens， which threaten human health. However， there is a lack of comprehensive investigation of rodent ecology and etiology in Shandong. Thus， this study aimed to analyze the rodent ecology and the relevant pathogens infection in Shandong Province， China. A collection of rodent survey data from 2012–2022 in Shandong Province was used， and rodent captured in 2020–2022 were identified by species and tested for pathogens. From 2012–2022， 4，145 Rodents were captured. The average rodent capture rate was 0.70%. High capture rates of rodents were rural residential areas and other (farmland， forestland) habitats. Rattus norvegicus (R. norvegicus) as the dominant species， followed by Mus musculus (M.musculus). The regions with high capture rates of R. norvegicus were mainly distributed in Dongying (0.82%) and Heze (0.63%). M. musculus was higher in Dongying (0.81%)， Weihai (0.56%). The months with high rodent capture rates are mainly March–September. The positive detection rates of rodents Hantavirus (HV)， Leptospira interrogans (L. interrogans)， Rickettsia typhi (R. typhi)， Anaplasma phagocytophilum (A. phagocytophilum)， and Francisella tularensis (F. tularensis) were 2.58%， 1.10%， 0.94%， 0.16%， and 0.19%， respectively. The capture rate of rodents in the human habitation environment has been on a downward trend in Shandong Province， and the species is dominated by R. norvegicus and M.musculus. There was a certain seasonal trend and a risk of infection by HV， L. interrogans and R. typhi in rodents. Strengthen the work of rodents’ surveillance， maintain a low capture rate of the host animals could be pivotal for prevent and control relevant rodent-borne diseases in high-risk areas.
弁言鼠类生态学与病原学监测驱散分析 — 山东省，中国，2012–2022年
孙钦同1；刘 言1；韩英男1；刘文杰1；曹馨月1；李炳辉2；王学军1#
1.山东省疾病拒接适度中心消毒与病媒生物防制所/山东省拒接医学科学院，济南市，山东省，中国；
2.青岛市疾病拒接适度中心消毒与病媒生物防制所/青岛市拒接医学参谋院， 青岛，山东，中国。
#通信作家：王学军，bmfzs@126.com。
鼠类是多种东谈主畜共患疾病病原体的宿主，恐吓着东谈主类健康。然而，山东省内穷乏对鼠类生态学和病因学方面的全面造访。本文旨在分析山东省的鼠类生态学格外干系病原体感染情况。参谋汇集了山东省2012–2022年的鼠类生态学造访数据，并对2020–2022年拿获的鼠类进行了种类强项和病原体检测。从 2012 年到 2022 年，拿获了 4，145 只鼠类。平均鼠类拿获率为0.70%。农村住户区和其他（农田、林地）栖息地的鼠类拿获率较高。褐家鼠（R. norvegicus）为上风种，其次是小家鼠（M.musculus）。山东省褐家鼠拿获率较高的地区主要散播在东营市（0.82%）和菏泽市（0.63%）。而东营市（0.81%）、威海市（0.56%）的小家鼠拿获率较高。山东省鼠类拿获率高的月份主如果 3月–9月。鼠体内汉坦病毒（HV）、钩端螺旋体（L. interrogans）、伤寒立克次体（R. typhi）、嗜吞吃细胞无形骸（A. phagocytophilum）、土拉弗朗西斯菌（F. tularensis）的阳性检出率差异为2.58%、1.10%、0.94%、0.16%、0.19%。通过参谋，山东省东谈主居环境中鼠类的拿获率呈下跌趋势，以褐家鼠和小家鼠为主。年内鼠类拿获率有一定的季节变化趋势。鼠体内检出 HV、L. interrogans 和 R. typhi阳性率较高。高风险区应进一步加强鼠类监测，进一步缩小鼠类拿获率，可灵验拒接和适度鼠传疾病。
For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2024.193
Comparison of Three Influenza Surveillance Data Sources for Timely Detection of Epidemic Onset — Chengdu City， Sichuan Province and Beijing Municipality， China， 2017–2023
Mingyue Pan1; Ying Shen1，2; Yao Wang3; Lu Long3，Xunbo Du3， Ying Sun1，2; Daitao Zhang1，2; Hui Yao1; Yonghong Liu1; Peng Yang1，2; Quanyi Wang1，2; Xiaoli Wang1，2#; Liang Wang3#
1 Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control， Beijing， China;
2 Beijing Research Center for Respiratory Infectious Diseases， Beijing， China;
3 Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention， Chengdu， China.
#Corresponding author: Xiaoli Wang， wangxiaoli198215@163.com; Liang Wang， 363686849@qq.com.
The influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance system in China is a vital component of syndromic surveillance and has historically been pivotal in early warning of influenza epidemics. However， its efficacy is challenged because it can hardly reflect the activity of influenza virus when multiple pathogens are circulating. China also has two other influenza surveillance systems: The nationwide Notifiable Infectious Diseases Reporting Information System (NIDRIS) and the Virological Surveillance System. The NIDRIS is characterized by nationwide coverage， mandatory reporting， high specificity， and real-time reporting. The Virological Surveillance System provides positivity rates of influenza， which is accurate in tracking virus activities but lags behind ILI and NIDRIS reports by a few days. This study aimed to compare the performance of the three surveillance datasets derived from the above systems to identify the best solution for timely onset detection of influenza epidemics. We used three datasets spanning the years 2017 to 2024 for early warning of influenza epidemics in Beijing and Chengdu， China. Specifically， the years 2021-2024 served as the test sets for our analysis. The first dataset was the daily number of reported influenza cases from NIDRIS. The second dataset consisted of the daily number of reported ILI cases from the ILI surveillance system (ILIs). The third dataset was generated by multiplying weekly ILI cases by the influenza positivity rate (PR)， obtained from the Virological Surveillance System (ILIs*PR). Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) and modified Cumulative Sum (modified-CUSUM) were used to evaluate the performance of the three datasets. The NIDRIS datasets demonstrated superior performance in early influenza detection， with an aggregated Youden Index of 0.905 in Beijing and 0.819 in Chengdu for 2021-2024 influenza seasons， outperforming both the ILIs (0.566 for Beijing and 0.490 for Chengdu) and the ILIs*PR (0.844 for Beijing and 0.740 for Chengdu). We suggest that public health practitioners use reported cases data in NIDRIS for more accurate timely onset detection of influenza epidemics， within the context of co-circulation of respiratory pathogens.
三种流感监测数据源用于流感流行早期预警的比拟 — 四川省成齐市和北京直辖市，中国，2017–2023 年
潘明月1；沈莹1，2；王瑶3；龙露3；杜训波3；孙瑛1，2；张代涛1，2；姚慧1；刘永红1；杨鹏1，2；王全意1，2；王小莉1，2#；王亮3#
1 北京市疾病拒接适度中心，北京，中国
2 北京紧要呼吸谈传染病参谋中心，北京，中国
3 成齐市疾病拒接适度中心，成齐市，四川省，中国
#通信作家：王小莉，wangxiaoli198215@163.com；王亮，363686849@qq.com。
流感样疾病（ILI）监测系统在流感流行的早期预警中至关环节。然而，当新冠、流感等多种病原体共同流行时，基于症状的流感样病例数很难反馈流感病毒的当作情况。宇宙性法定传染病弘扬信息系统（大疫情网）和病原学监测系统也提供了潜在的不错用于流感早期预警的数据。其中大疫情网心事宇宙、强制弘扬且具特异性和实时性；病原学监测系统提供的病原学阳性率准确但穷乏实时性。本参谋使用以上系统的数据设立了三组数据集，并评估其用于流感早期预警的遵守。对北京和成齐差异设立2017至2024年的三组流感流行预警数据集。第一组数据集是大疫情网弘扬的流感病例数；第二组数据集是ILI监测系统弘扬的流感样病例数（ILIs）；第三组数据集使用ILIs乘以病原学监测系统提供的流感阳性率生成（ILIs*PR）。使用指数加权移动平均（EWMA）和修正积累和（modified-CUSUM）评估三组数据集的流感早期预警遵守。大疫情网弘扬的流感病例数在北京和成齐的流感早期预警遵守最好，2021-2024年北京和成齐的流感流行预警约登指数差异为0.905和0.819，优于ILIs（北京0.566，成齐0.490）和ILIs*PR（北京0.844，成齐0.740）。在多个呼吸谈病原体共同流行的布景下，使用大疫情网弘扬的流感病例数设立预警模子，省略更准确实时地预警流感流行。。
For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2024.194
A Systematic Review of the Definition， Measurement， and Associated Factors of Pandemic Fatigue
Ruohan Chen1，2*; Qi Tan3*; Bowen Su2; Shuqi Wang4; Zhanwei Du1，2#
1 WHO Collaborating Center for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control， School of Public Health， LKS Faculty of Medicine， The University of Hong Kong， Hong Kong Special Administrative Region， China;
2 Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited， Hong Kong Science Park， Hong Kong Special Administrative Region， China;
3 Nanjing Tech University， Nanjing City， Jiangsu Province， China;
4 School of Cybersecurity， Northwestern Polytechnical University， Xi'an City， Shaanxi Province， China.
* Joint first authors.
# Corresponding author: Zhanwei Du， zwdu@hku.hk.
The rapid emergence and widespread transmission of SARS-CoV-2 have prompted governments worldwide to enact policies and measures to manage the virus's spread. These interventions have substantially contributed to controlling disease transmission. However， they have also significantly disrupted daily life， leading to increased public fatigue and resistance to sustained control measures， a phenomenon known as pandemic fatigue. To develop a comprehensive understanding of pandemic fatigue， this review systematically explores the concept and identifies quantitative indicators for measuring it. We reviewed studies on pandemic fatigue across various countries， summarized the contributing factors， and analyzed its impact on personal protective behaviors. Our findings indicate that the enforcement of health measures significantly influences the onset of pandemic fatigue， while individual perceptions of risk can negatively affect personal protective behaviors， creating a feedback loop with increasing fatigue. These results underscore the importance of considering the current severity of the pandemic and individual decision-making processes in the implementation of interventions. Enhancing our understanding of pandemic fatigue is essential for developing effective policy responses in preparation for future potential epidemics.
对大流行性疲钝的界说、测量和干系成分的系统综述
陈若涵1，2*；谭棋3*；苏柏文2；王淑祺4；杜占玮1，2#
1 香港大学李嘉诚医学院全球卫生学院世卫传染病流行病学及适度配合中心，香港尽头行政区，中国；
2 医卫大数据深析实验室，香港尽头行政区，中国；
3 南京工业大学，南京市，江苏省，中国；
4 西北工业大学会聚空间安全学院，西安市，陕西省，中国。
*共同第一作家。
#通信作家：杜占玮，zwdu@hku.hk。
SARS-CoV-2的飞速出现和芜俚传播促使世界列国政府制定战略和模范来适度病毒的传播。这些干扰模范有助于适度疾病的传播。然而，这些干扰模范也搅扰了东谈主们的曩昔生存，导致公众对握续的适度模范产生了更多的疲钝和抗争情怀，这种征象被称为 “大流行疲钝”。为了全面了解大流行疲钝，本综述系统地探讨了这一观念，并细目了经营这一观念的量化预备。咱们归来了列国对于大流行疲钝的参谋，总结了变成疲钝的成分，并分析了疲钝对个东谈主守护当作的影响。咱们的参谋驱散标明，卫生模范的施行会对大流行性疲钝的发分娩生紧要影响，而个东谈主对风险的感知会对个东谈主守护当作产生负面影响，从而形成一个反馈轮回，导致疲钝加重。这些驱散强调了在施行干扰模范时研讨面前大流行病严重进度和个东谈主决议进程的环节性。加强咱们对大流行疲钝的了解对于制定灵验的战略冒昧模范，为改日潜在的流行病作念好准备至关环节。
For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2024.068
Socioeconomic Impact and Response Strategies to the Multifaceted Respiratory Illness Outbreak in Northern China: Beyond Influenza A and Mycoplasma Pneumoniae
Xi Wang1*; Rongfeng Zhou2*; Ting Li2; Shuai Du1; Ayan Mao1; Wuqi Qiu1#; Hongzhou Lu2#
1 Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College， Beijing， China;
2 Department of Infectious Diseases， National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases， The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen， Shenzhen City， Guangdong Province， China.
* Joint first authors.
# Corresponding Authors: Wuqi Qiu， qiu.wuqi@imicams.ac.cn; Hongzhou Lu， luhongzhou@fudan.edu.cn.
A recent study investigated the respiratory illness outbreak in Northern China， honing in on the surge of cases in Beijing from November to December 2023. The Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control reported a significant rise in influenza-like illnesses， with strains such as H3N2 and Mycoplasma pneumoniae predominating. The study highlighted the confluence of lifted COVID-19 restrictions， colder weather， and overlapping pathogen circulation as key drivers of this surge. Public health responses included expanding pediatric outpatient clinics， enhancing flu vaccine coverage， and stressing preventive measures. The study underscored the strain on healthcare resources and the necessity for robust surveillance systems and public health campaigns. Historical pandemics， like the Spanish Flu and COVID-19， provided valuable lessons in managing such outbreaks， emphasizing quarantine， vaccination， and public awareness as effective strategies. The study's recommendations for bolstering healthcare infrastructure， promoting public health education， and fostering international cooperation aim to inform future epidemic response strategies. This comprehensive analysis offers critical insights for public health professionals and policymakers in addressing the complex dynamics of respiratory illness outbreaks in urban environments.
中国朔方涵盖甲型流感与肺炎支原体以外的多元呼吸谈疾病暴发：社会经济影响及冒昧策略
王曦1*；周荣锋2*；李婷2；齐率1；毛阿燕1；邱五七1#；卢洪洲2#
1. 中国医学科学院北京协和医学院，北京，中国；
2. 深圳市第三东谈主民病院感染病临床医学参谋中心，深圳市，广东省，中国。
*共同第一作家。
#通信作家：邱五七，qiu.wuqi@imicams.ac.cn；卢洪洲，luhongzhou@fudan.edu.cn。
本参谋旨在探讨华北地区，尤其是北京，在撤销COVID-19适度模范后，呼吸谈疾病暴发对社会经济和全球卫生的影响。参谋要点分析了甲型流感（H3N2）和肺炎支原体病例激增对城市卫生系统和经济结构的冲击。参谋聘任了羼杂参谋方法，包括对干系学术和政府文件的归来、全球卫生数据的定量分析，以及冒昧策略的定性评估。参谋驱散标明，2023年下半年呼吸谈疾病病例显耀上涨，卫生部门聘任迫切模范，包括推行病院容量和加强疾病监测。然而，资源短缺和公众对全球卫生的疲钝情怀成为冒昧进程中的主要挑战，影响了全体冒昧遵守。尽管如斯，实时的全球卫生响应模范在一定进度上适度了疫情，但也暴涌现基础要津、监测体系以及战略框架方面的不及。基于参谋驱散，本文冷落了些许建议，强调加强海外配合和完善救急预案的环节性。这些模范对于改日流行病的防控具有环节意念念，省略为全球卫生安全提供愈加有劲的保险。
For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2024.196